ソフトウェアで作る無線機の設計法

【編著者】

太郎丸　眞（たろうまる　まこと）

福岡大学　工学部　教授　博士（情報工学）
昭和62年東京工業大学大学院理工学研究科電気・電子工学専攻修了、
同年九州松下電器 （株） 入社。同社在籍中、
平成9年九州工業大学大学院情報工学研究科にて博士（情報工学）の学位を取得。
平成13年九州産業大学工学部助教授
平成16年 （株） 国際電気通信基礎技術研究所 （ATR） 波動工学研究所入社
平成17年同所無線方式研究室長
平成22年より現職
平成26～28年電子情報通信学会無線通信システム研究専門委員会委員長
無線通信システムを中心に、信号処理から送受信回路までの研究に従事。
大学では無線部の顧問となり、アマチュア無線のモールス電信による交信で 「ディジタル無線通信」 を楽しんでいる。

阪口　啓（さかぐち　けい）

東京工業大学　准教授　ドイツFraunhofer研究所　兼務
平成10年東京工業大学物理情報工学専攻修士課程修了、
平成18年東京工業大学電気電子工学専攻学術博士取得。
平成25～27年電子情報通信学会ソフトウェア無線 （現スマート無線） 研究専門委員会委員長。
現在はミリ波帯を用いた第5世代無線通信システム （5G） の研究開発および国際標準化に従事。その傍らで無線給電の研究も行い線に捕らわれない自由な通信の実現を目指している。

【目次】

【参考文献】

• J. Mitola, "Software radios: survey, critical evaluation and future directions," Proc. National Telesystems Conf., May 1992.
• J. Mitola, "The Software Radio Architecture," IEEE Communications Magzine, vol.34, no.5, pp.26-38, May 1995.
• J. Mitola, and G.Q. Maguire Jr., "Cognitive Radio: Making Software Radios More Personal," IEEE Personal Communications, vol.6, no.4, pp.13-18, Aug 1999.
• 荒木純道, 鈴木康夫, 原田博司, ソフトウエア無線の基礎と応用, サイペック, 2002.
• T. Ulversoy, "Software defined radio: challenges and opportunities," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol.12, no.4, pp.531-550, May 2010.
• 横野聡, 逆井孝英, "HF 受信用RF サンプリングSDR," 信学技報, vol.111, no.452, SR2011-126, pp.155-160, Mar. 2012.
• "NI USRP-292x/293x datasheet: universal software radio peripherals," Web site, National Instruments, http://sine.ni.com/ds/app/doc/p/id/ds-355/, 2014.
• "Matchstiq: handheld reconfigurable RF transceiver," Web site, Epiq Solutions, http://epiqsolutions.com/matchstiq/, 2014.
• 総務省, "電波利用ホームページ|無線局機器に関する基準認証制度,"http://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/j/sys/equ/index.htm （2013年11月1日確認）
• 総務省, "電波有効利用の促進に関する検討会," http:// www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/kenkyu/denpa_riyou/index.html （2013年11月1日確認）
• Federal Communications Commission, "Spectrum Policy Task Force Report," FCC ET Docket no. 02-135, Nov. 2002.
• Federal Communications Commission, "White Space | FCC.gov," http://www.fcc.gov/topic/white-space（2013年11月1日確認）
• Ofcom, "Ofcom | TV White-Spaces," http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/ spectrum/tv-white-spaces/（2013年11月1日確認）
• "White Space Devices (WSD); Wireless Access Systems operating in the 470 MHz to 790 MHz frequency band; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive," Draft ETSI EN 301 598 V1.0.0, July 2013.
• Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, "Proposed Regulatory Framework for TV White Space Operations in the VHF/UHF Bands," http://www.ida.gov.sg/Policies-and-Regulations/Consultation-Papers-and-Decisions/Store/Proposed-Regulatory-Framework-for-TV-White-Space--Operations-in-the-VHF-UHF-Bands（2013年11月1日確認）
• 高田潤一, "日本におけるTVホワイトスペースの利用の動向," 電子情報通信学会誌, vol.96, no.2, pp.111-116, Feb 2013.
• "TVホワイトスペース等利用システム運用調整協議会," http://www.rf-unyo.jp/.
• S. Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
• T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of information theory, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
• C. M. Bishop, Pattern recognition and machine learning, Springer Science + Business Media, 2006.
• R. Vaughan and J. B. Andersen, Channels, propagation and antennas for mobile communications, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2003.
• A. Papoulis and S. U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw Hill, 2002.
• 守谷健弘, 音声符号化, 電子情報通信学会, 1998.
• 大久保榮監修, 角野眞也, 菊池義浩, 鈴木輝彦編, 改訂三版 H.264/AVC教科書, インプレス, 2008.
• 今井秀樹, 符号理論, 電子情報通信学会, 1990.
• 和田山正, 誤り訂正技術の基礎, 森北出版, 2010.
• J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, Fifth Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2008.
• 斉藤洋一, ディジタル無線通信の変復調, 電子情報通信学会, 1996.
• 山添雅彦, 生岩量久, 西森博行, 三須孝一, "中波放送における高効率電力増幅器," 信学技報, EE2007-41, pp. 39-44, Nov. 2007.
• 鈴木博, ディジタル通信の基礎, 数理工学社, 2012.
• R. A. Scholtz, "The Origins of Spread-Spectrum Communications," IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. COM-30, no.5, pp.822-854, May 1982.
• G. R. Cooper, and R. W. Nettleton, "A Spread-Spectrum Technique for High-Capacity Mobile Communications," IEEE Trans. on Vehic, Technol. vol.VT-27, no.4, pp.264-275, Nov. 1978.
• 丸林元，中川正雄，河野隆二：スペクトル拡散通信とその応用，電子情報通信学会編，1998年
• R. W. Chang and R. A. Gibby, "A Theoretical Study of Performance of an Orthogonal Multiplexing Data Transmission Scheme," IEEE Trans. on Commun. , vol. COM-16, no.4, pp.529-540, Aug. 1965.
• B. R. Saltzberg, "Performance of an Efficient Parallel Data Transmission System," IEEE Trans. on Commun., Vol. COM-15, no.6, pp. 805-811, Dec. 1967.
• S. B. Weinstein and P. M. Ebert, "Data Transmission by Frequency Division Multiplexing," IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol. COM-19, no.5, pp.628-634, Oct. 1971.
• B. Hirosaki, "An Orthogonally Multiplexed QAM System using the Discrete Fourier Transform," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-29, no.7, pp.982-989, Jul. 1981.
• 横山光雄：スペクトル拡散通信システム，科学技術出版，1998年．
• 伊丹誠：わかりやすいOFDM技術，オーム社，2005年．
• T. M. Schmidl, D. C. Cox, "Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronization of OFDM," IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol.45, no.12, Dec. 1997.
• W. C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications, IEEE Edition, IEEE Press, New York, 1994.
• 笹岡秀一編著：移動通信，オーム社，1998年．
• J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.
• G. J. Foschini and W. J. Gans, "On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 6, pp. 314-335, Mar. 1998.
• E. Telatar, "Capacity of Multi-antenna Gaussian Channels," Eur. Trans. on Telecomm., Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 585-596, Nov. 1999.
• 野島俊雄, 山尾泰, モバイル通信の無線回路技術, 電子情報通信学会, 2007.
• R. Gilmore and L. Besser, RF Circuit Design for Modern Wireless Systems, Vol. 2, Artech House, Norwood, 2003.
• S. C. Cripps著, 草野忠四郎訳, ワイヤレス通信用電力増幅器の設計, CQ出版社, 2013.
• 山添雅彦, 生岩量久, 廣瀬祥史, 福本正義, 佐藤秀夫, "PSM変調を用いた全半導体化広帯域短波送信機の開発," 信学論(C), vol. J93-C, no.5, pp. 151-160, May 2010
• 荒木純道, 鈴木康夫, 原田博司, ソフトウエア無線の基礎と応用, サイペック, 2002.
• V. J. Arkesteijn, et.al., "Jitter requirements of the sampling clock in software radio receivers," IEEE Trans. Circuit Sys.-II: Express and Briefs, vol.53, no.2, pp.90-94, Feb. 2006.
• T. Ito, K. Okada, and A. Matsuzawa, "A wideband common-gate low-noise amplifier using capacitive feedback," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E95-C, no. 10, pp. 1666-1674, Oct. 2012.
• A. Shirane, H. Ito, N. Ishihara, and K. Masu, "Planar solenoidal inductor in radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems technology for variable inductor with wide tunable range and high quality factor," Japanese J. Applied Physics, vol. 51, 05EE02, pp. 1-4, May 2012.
• R.Kohno, M.Abe, N.Sasho, S.Haruyama, R.M-Zaragoza, E.Sousa, F.Swarts, P.V.Rooyen, Y.Sanada, L.B.Michael, H.A-Alikhael, and V. Brankovic, "Universal platform for software defined radio," 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS2000), pp.523-526, (2000).
• N.Nakajima, R. Kohno, S.Kubota, "Research and developments of software-defined radio technologies in Japan," Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 39, Issue 8, pp.146-155, (2001-08).
• 鈴木康夫，荒木純道，"ソフトウェア無線機とその国内における開発の現状，" 信学論(B)，J84-B,7,pp.1120-1131, (2001).
• 原田博司，"コグニティブ無線機の実現に向けた要素技術の研究開発，"信学論(B)，J91-B,11,pp.1320-1331, (2008).
• 荒木純道："RFアナログ可変機能デバイス・回路とその応用", 信学論(C), J87-C,1,pp.3-11, (2004).
• 末松憲治，原田博司，"マルチバンド・マルチモード送受信機用Si-RFIC技術，"信学論(B)，J91-B,11,pp.1339-1350, (2008).
• Wendell B. Sander, Stephan V.Schell, Brian L.Sander, "Polar Modulator for Multi-mode Cell Phones," 2003 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pp.439-445, (2003).
• J.Groe, "Muti-Mode Polar Transmitters," 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Workshop, WSJ-9, (2006-06).
• 村上圭司, 末松憲治, 堤恒次, 金沢学志, 関根友嗣, 久保博嗣, 礒田陽次："ソフトウェア無線受信機用0.8-5.2GHz帯広帯域SiGe-MMIC直交ミクサ", 電学論(C), 126,9, pp.1093-1100, (2006-09).
• R.Koller, T.Ruhlicke, D.Pimingsdorfer, B.Adler, "A single-chip 0.13um CMOS UMTS W-CDMA multi-band transceiver," 2006 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, (2006-06).
• S.Shinjo, F.Onoma, K.Tsutsumi, N.Suematsu, M.Shimozawa, H.Harada, "0.4-5.8GHz band SiGe-MMIC Quadrature Modulator Employing Self Current Controlled Mixer for Cognitive Radio," Trans. IEICE Communication, E92-B, 12, pp3701-3710, (2009-12).
• Xiaowei Zhu, Wei Hong, Liu Jin, Jianyi Zhou, "The RF module design for W-CDMA/GSM dual band and dual mode handset," 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, pp.2215-2218, (2001-05).
• S.Tanaka, T.Yamawaki, K.Takikawa, N.Hayashi, I.Ohno, T.Wakuta, S.Takahashi, M.Kasahara, B.Henshaw, "GSM/DCS1800 dual band direct-conversion transceiver IC with a DC offset calibration system," IEEE Proc. 27th. European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), pp.494-497, (2001-09).
• T.Maeda, N.Mstsyno, S.Hori, T.Yamase, T.Tikairin, K.Yanagisawa, H.Yano, R.Walkington, K.Numata, N.Yoshida, Y.Takahashi, H.Hida, "A low-power dual-band Triple-mode WLAN CMOS transceiver," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 41, 11, pp.2481-2490, (2006-11).
• Wu Jianhui, Chen Zuotian, Huang Cheng, Yun Tinghua, Sun Wen, "A 3-band CMOS DTV tuner IC for DVB-C receiver," IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 53, 4, pp.1560-1568, (2007-11).
• S.Lerstaveesin, M.Gupta, D.Kang, Bang-Sup Song, "A 48-860 MHz CMOS Low-IF Direct-Conversion DTV Tuner," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 43, 9, pp.2013-2024, (2008-9).
• A.A.Abidi, "Direct-conversion radio transceiver for digital communications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 30,12, pp.1399-1410, (1995-12).
• M.Shimozawa, K.Maeda, E.Taniguchi, K.Sadahiro, T.Ikushima, T.Nishino, N.Suematsu, K.Itoh, Y.Isota, T.Takagi, "An even harmonic mixer with a simple filter configuration and an integrated LTCC module for W-CDMA direct conversion receiver," IEICE Trans. Electron., E89-C, 4, pp.473-481, (2006-04).
• E.Taniguchi, K.Maeda, C.Sawaumi, N.Suematsu, "A 2GHz-Band Even Harmonic Type SiGe Direct Conversion CECCTP Mixer," IEICE Trans. Electon., E85-C, 7, pp.1412-1418, (2002-07).
• H.Komurasaki, T.Heima, T.Miwa, K.Yamamoto, H.Wakada, I.Yasui, M.Ono, T.Sano, H.Sato, T.Miki, N.Kato, "A 1.8V Operation RFCMOS Transceriver for Bluetooth," 2002 Symposium on VLSI CIrcuits, 17.2, pp230-233, (2002-06).
• D.K.Weaver, "A third method of generation and detection of single-sideband signals," Proc. of IRE, 44, pp.1703-1705, (1956-12).
• A.Abidi, "RF CMOS comes of age," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 39, 4, pp.549-561, (2004-04).
• J. Mitola, "The software radio architecture," IEEE Com. Mag., 33, 5, pp.26-38, (1995-05).
• D. Akos, J.Tsui, "Design and Implementation of a Direct Digitization GPS Receiver Front End," IEEE Trans. MTT., 44, 12, pp 2334-2339, (1996-12)．
• R.Okuizumi, T.Namiki, M.Muraguchi, "Novel RF Direct Under-Sampling Technique and its Application to OFDM Systems," Proceedings of the 39th European Microwave Conference, pp. 1227-1230, (2009-09).
• D. Banda, O.Wada, T.T.Ta, S.Kameda, N.Suematsu, K.Tsubouchi, "Direct RF undersampling reception with lower sampling frequency," 2013 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), pp.500-502, (2013-11).
• N.Suematsu, C.Kageyama, K.Nakajima, K.Tsutsumi, E.Taniguchi, K.Murakami, "0.8-5.2GHz Band SiGe-MMIC Q-MOD for Multi-Band Multi-Mode Direct Conversion Transmitter," 2005 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), pp.1600-1603, (2005-12).
• L.R.Kahn, "Single sideband transmission by envelope elimination and restoration," Proc. IRE, 40, 7, pp.803-806, (1952-07).
• R.Schreier, M.Snelgrove, "Bandpass delta-sigma modulation," Electronics Letters, 25, 23, pp.1560-1561, (1989).
• T.Maehata, S.Kameda, N.Suematsu, "High ACLR 1-bitdirect radio frequency converter using symmetric waveform," Proceedings of the 42nd European Microwave Conference, pp. 1227-1230, (2012-09).
• A. Jerng, C. G. Sodini, "A wideband ΔΣ digital-RF modulator for high data rate transmitters," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 42, 8, pp.1710-1722, (2007-08).
• 和田, 亀田, 末松, 平, 高木, 坪内, "0.8-5.7GHz帯マルチバンドダイレクトディジタルRF直交変調器," 2014年信学総大, C-2-31, 2014．
• A. Fukuda, H.Okazaki, S.Narahashi, T.Hirota, Y.Yamao, "A 900/1500/2000-MHz Triple-Band Reconfigurable Power Amplifier Employing RF-MEMS Switches," 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, WE2E-4, (2005-06).
• 末松，檜枝，"半導体による可変手段，"2004年信学総大TBC-1, (2004-03).
• 曽田，李，出尾，西野，吉田，正福，"小型・低損失RF MEMSスイッチの開発，" IIP情報・知能・精密機器部門講演会講演論文集 2007, pp.49-51, (2007-03).
• S. Yokono and M. Hanyuda, "Tutorial for fundamental hardware system design for SDR system," in Proc. Wireless Innovation Forum Conf. Wireless Commun. Technol. Software Defined Radio (SDR-WInnComm 2013), Jan. 2013.
• 木賀忠雄，受信機の設計と製作，CQ出版，1968.
• C. Sayre, Complete Wireless Design, 2nd ed., McGrow-Hill, 2008.
• D. Redmayne, "Understanding the effect of clock jitter on high speed ADCs," Design Notes, 1013, Linear Technology, 2006.
• U. Rohde and J. Whitaker, Communications Receivers: DPS, software radios, and design, 3rd ed. McGrow-Hill, 2000.
• T. Haque and A. Demir, "A direct conversion: all digital gain control radio receiver suitable for user equipment applications," MTT Society lectures, Microwave Theory & Techniques (MTT) Society of the IEEE Long Island Section, Feb. 2005. (http://www.ieee.li/pdf/viewgraphs/direct_ conversion.pdf )
• Y. N. Papantonopoulos, "High-speed ADC technology paves the way for SDR," EETimes, Design How-To, Aug. 2007. (http://www.eetimes.com /document.asp?doc_id=1272384)
• S. Pithadia, "Smart selection of ADC/DAC enables better design of software-defined radio," Application Report, SLAA407, Texas Instruments, Apr. 2009.
• H. Grewal, "Oversampling the ADC12 for higher resolution," Application Report, SLAA323, Texas Instruments, July 2006.
• "アンテナ工学ハンドブック 第2版," 電子情報通信学会編, オーム社.
• 新井宏之, "新アンテナ工学,"総合電子出版社.
• 安達三郎, "電磁波工学," 電子情報通信学会編, コロナ社.
• 藤本京平, "解説 小型アンテナ," 電子情報通信学会誌, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 30-35, Jan. 2013.
• 堀俊和, "超広帯域アンテナの特性評価法," 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告, A・P2009-17, May 2009.
• NTTドコモ報道発表資料,http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/info/news_release/2013/02/19_01.html>, Feb. 19, 2013.
• 浦田育彦, 他, "RF-MEMSスイッチ装荷帯域可変アンテナ," 2006年電子情報通信学会ソサイエティ大会, B-1-83, Sept. 2006.
• GNU Radio web site http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/ wiki
• Ettus Research web site http://www.ettus.com/home
• B. Bloessl, M. Segata, C. Sommer, and F. Dressler, "An IEEE 802.11a/g/p OFDM receiver for GNU Radio," Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 2013, Aug. 2013.
• T. Schmid, "GNU Radio 802.15. 4 en- and decoding," Networked & Embedded Systems Laboratory, UCLA, Technical Report TR-UCLANESL-200609-06, June 2006.
• B. Bloessl, C. Leitne, F. Dressler, and C. Sommer, "A GNURadio-based IEEE 802.15.4 testbed," Proc. of 12. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespräch Drahtlose Sensornetze (FGSN 2013), Sept. 2013
• P. Fuxjäger, A. Costantini, D. Valerio, P. Castiglione, G. Zacheo, T. Zemen, and F. Ricciato, "IEEE 802.11p transmission using GNURadio," Proc. of 6th Karlsruhe Workshop on Software Radios (WSR), March 2010.
• Open BTS web site, http://open bts.org/
• J. Demel, S. Koslowski, F.K. Jondral, "A LTE receiver framework implementation in GNU Radio" Proc. of WInnComm-SDR Europe 2013, June 2013.
• 山本衛, 脇坂洋平, 橋口浩之, "USRP1及びUSRP2のリモートセンシングへの応用, "信学技報SR2010-26, 2010年7月
• Y. Ihara, H. Kremo, O. Altintas, H. Tanaka, M. Ohtake, T. Fujii, C. Yoshimura, K. Ando, K. Tsukamoto, M. Tsuru, Y. Oie, "Distributed autonomous multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle communications over TV white space," Proc. of CCNC2013, Jan. 2013.
• 金ミンソク,"GNU Radio-USRPを用いたソフトウェア無線機の試作と評価, "信学技報SR2010-25, 2010年7月
• 藤本裕真, 篠原 諒, 村田英一, "共同干渉キャンセルを行うMU-MIMOシステムの伝送実験, "信学技報SR2013-55, 2013年10月
• 小泉純子，"総務省の電波政策と最近の動向, "信学技報，ソフトウェア無線研究会，SR2007-60，pp.135-139, 2006年11月
• J. Mitora III, "Cognitive Radio for Flexible Mobile Multimedia Communications," MoMuC'99, p.3-10, Nov. 1999.
• H. Harada, "Software defined radio prototype toward Cognitive Radio Communication Systems," IEEE Dyspan 2005, vol. 1, pp.539-547, Nov. 2005.
• 原田博司，"コグニティブ無線を利用した通信システムに関する検討，"信学技報,SR2005-18, pp.117-124, May. 2005
• 原田博司，"コグニティブ無線端末機の実現に向けた要素技術の研究開発，"信学技報,SR2006-10, pp.49-56, April. 2006
• 原田博司，"Cognitive wireless cloud を実現する無線機の研究開発:ソフトウェアプラットフォーム，"信学技報, SR2006-76, pp.67-72, March 2007
• H. Harada, "Software defined radio prototype for W-CDMA and IEEE802.11a wireless LAN," IEEE VTC2004-Fall, vol. 6, pp. 26-29, Sept. 2004.
• 原田博司，"Software Defined Cognitive Radioを実現する無線機の実証試験，"信学技報, SR2007-40, pp.129-136, July 2007
• 蔭山千恵美，中島健介，堤恒次，谷口英司，下沢充弘，末松憲治，"0.8-5.2GHz帯マルチバンド／マルチモード，ダイレクトコンバージョン受信機用SiGe MMIC Q-MIX," 信学技報,MW2004-31, pp.17-32, May 2004
• 原田博司，"Cognitive wireless cloud を実現する無線機の研究開発:ハードウェアプラットフォーム，"信学技報, SR2006-74, pp.51-58, March 2007
• K. Mizutani, T. Miyamoto, K. Sakaguchi, and K. Araki, "Prototype Hardware for TDD Two-way Multi-hop Relay Network with MIMO Network Coding" IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E95-B, no. 5, pp. 1738―1750, May. 2012.
• ALTERA, "Implementing FIR Filters in FLEX Device," Application Note 73
• Analog Devices, AD9786 data sheet.
• ノキア製Flexi Multiradio基地局仕様　http://jp.networks.nokia.com/products/

【口コミ】